Concentration Of Ethanol Solution Research Articles

The structure-activity relationship for the ABA triblock siloxane surfactant in aqueous-ethanol system

It is challenging to improve the foam stability in high concentration ethanol solution. In this paper, well-defined polyether-modified siloxane surfactants were synthesized, and their structures were characterized through infrared spectroscopy and one- and two-dimensional Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the relationships of between their chemical structure, surface activity, and foam property in high concentration ethanol solution were investigated in detail. The results showed that the target surfactant exhibited an ABA-type structure. They can effectively reduce the surface tension and produce the excellent foam in 75 % ethanol. In particular, these surfactants with loner siloxane chain confer strong foaming power in 75 % solution. This ability with good surface activity in water-ethanol system suggests a wide range of potential applications in low surface tension solvent system.

Effect of Ethanol Concentrations, Honey Adding and Maceration Times on Quality of Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum) Liqueur

The Mao tree (Antidesma thwaitesianum) is a native and medicinal fruit tree found in Southeast Asia, thriving especially in dipterocarp forests, notably in Northeast Thailand’s Phu Phan valley. Ripe Mao fruits are rich in various nutrients and antioxidants that have the potential to mitigate the risk of chronic diseases and cancer. A comprehensive study was conducted to assess the impact of ethanol at different concentrations (40 or 60 % v/v), with and without honey added. The effects of varying maceration times (0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 months) on Mao liqueur’s properties were also investigated. The investigation explored various parameters, including color, total soluble solids, total acid content, alcohol concentration, and bioactive compounds. The results showed that the color lightness (L*) values of all recipes decreased over the storage period. However, adding honey to the production of Mao liqueurs decreased the yellowness (b*) value in the first 3 months but resulted in a higher total soluble solid content in Mao liqueur. Increasing the ethanol concentration from 40 to 60 % did not affect the total acid content (TTA 0.04 %). However, the addition of honey increased the total acid content from 0.04 to 0.08 % (p ≤ 0.05). The maceration time did not affect the alcohol content of Mao liqueur (p > 0.05). The use of 60 % (v/v) ethanol with honey addition resulted in the highest alcohol content (42 % v/v). Increasing the ethanol solution concentration from 40 to 60 % with and without honey added increased the total phenolic content from 126 to 165 GAE mg/L and 136 to 160 GAE mg/L respectively. The addition of honey increased the anthocyanin content in the liqueurs in the 12th month. HIGHLIGHTS Alcohol contents, maceration times and effect of honey adding were studied to improve the quality of liqueur made of Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum) Mao liqueurs of 60 % EtOH had large changes in their alcohol contents during the maceration time 3 - 6 months Increasing the ethanol solution concentration from 40 to 60 % increased the total phenolic content The addition of honey increased the anthocyanin content in the liqueurs in the 12th month GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Minimal microfluidic metamaterial sensor for concentration detection

The design of high sensitivity and minimal size sensors for liquid concentration detection has significant importance in biomedical and chemical engineering. In this paper, we present a microfluidic liquid sensor for concentration detection based on metamaterial, with a minimal size of 20 × 16 mm2. The sensor consists of a modified square split-ring resonator (SRR) and a microstrip transmission line (MTL), integrated with a microfluidic device. The operating frequency of the sensor is 4.38 GHz. Experimental results demonstrate that the resonant frequency of the water–ethanol mixture with concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 % has a linear shift of 290 MHz. A mathematical model is established by examining the relationship between the transmission parameters and the complex dielectric constant, the maximum deviation between the ethanol solution concentration predicted by this model and the actual concentration is 0.5 %. The sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 2.14 × 10^-3 dB/(mg/dL) to aqueous glucose solutions with 0–––400 mg/dL. A fitting formula is derived from the transmission parameters to predict unknown concentrations of aqueous glucose solutions, could detect the change of 1 mg/dL glucose solution accurately with a maximum error of 0.7 %.

Efficient detection of hydrogen peroxide based on hollow SiO2 photonic crystals and Rhodamine 6G

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important oxidant that exists widely in biological systems and the environment, and has been extensively used in medical, environmental, food, and industrial fields. Accurate, rapid, and sensitive detection of H2O2 content is of great significance in the fields of biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food safety, and public safety. In this study, a probe was developed by utilizing Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), a readily available commercial fluorescent dye, within hollow SiO2 photonic crystals (HSPCs) to produce an amplified fluorescent signal. Furthermore, I- were incorporated into the system, which can be oxidized to I2 in the presence of H2O2. The I3- produced can react with Rh6G to form a complex that quenches the fluorescence signal, enabling highly efficient detection of H2O2. The method does not require complex organic synthesis or modification of fluorescent groups. Additionally, the sensors exhibit good performance in terms of repeated use and can also potentially detect different concentrations of ethanol solutions.

Comparison of Experimental Results with Thermodynamic Equilibrium Simulations of Supercritical Water Gasification of Concentrated Ethanol Solutions with Focus on Water Splitting

Comparison of Experimental Results with Thermodynamic Equilibrium Simulations of Supercritical Water Gasification of Concentrated Ethanol Solutions with Focus on Water Splitting

Effect of ZrB2 and Polyvinyl Butyral Content on the Oxidation Resistance of ZrB2–SiC Coatings Produced by Slurry Brushing Method

ZrB2–SiC coatings are prepared on the surface of graphite by slurry brushing method to improve the oxidation resistance. Effects of ZrB2 content and polyvinyl butyral (PVB)–ethanol solution concentration on microstructure and static oxidation behavior of the ZrB2–SiC coatings are investigated at 1200 °C in air. The results indicate that increasing ZrB2 content improves the oxidation resistance of the coatings. When ZrB2 content increases from 30 to 45 wt%, weight loss rates of the coated samples after oxidation at 1200 °C for 120 min decrease from −0.92% to −1.67%. Increasing binder solution concentration raises component content in the coatings. As PVB–ethanol binder concentration increases from 0.025 to 0.075 g mL−1, weight loss rates of the coated samples after oxidation at 1200 °C for 120 min decrease from 0.32% to −0.38%. Excellent oxidation resistance of ZrB2–SiC coating is attributed to self‐sealing ability of B2O3 and borosilicate glass. The composite glass can inhibit oxygen diffusion by filling defects in the coating promptly. The borosilicate glass phase can enhance the fluidity of the composite glass. ZrO2 and ZrSiO4 particles restrict the growth of the microcrack, which improves the oxidation resistance of ZrB2–SiC coating.

Selective Encapsulation of the Polyphenols on Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles: Optimization Approaches.

The present study proposes a method for designing small bioactive nanoparticles using silk fibroin as a carrier to deliver hydrophobic polyphenols. Quercetin and trans-resveratrol, widely distributed in vegetables and plants, are used here as model compounds with hydrophobic properties. Silk fibroin nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method and using various concentrations of ethanol solutions. The optimization of the nanoparticle formation was achieved by applying Central Composite Design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of silk fibroin and ethanol solution concentrations together with the pH on the selective encapsulation of phenolic compounds from a mixture were reported. The obtained results showed that nanoparticles with an average particle size of 40 to 105 nm can be prepared. The optimized system for the selective encapsulation of the polyphenols on the silk fibroin substrate was determined to be 60% ethanol solution and 1 mg/mL silk fibroin concentration at neutral pH. The selective encapsulation of the polyphenols was achieved, with the best results being obtained in the case of resveratrol and quercetin and encapsulation of gallic and vanillic acids being rather poor. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed the selective encapsulation and the loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant activity.

Stand-off detection of ethanol gas in turbulent state using a 1.7 μm/1.5 μm near-infrared spectroscopy system

Considering that the stand-off detection of ethanol gas is significant for monitoring ethanol-free occasions, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a 1.7 μm/1.5 μm near-infrared spectroscopy system. Then based on the generated laser signals and the system, the ethanol gas and ethanol solution was stand-off detected and researched. Firstly, we measured the absorption characteristics of ethanol solution in the near-infrared band for wavelength selection. Secondly, the Tm-doped fiber laser in the system was achieved based on a ring cavity and a customized FBG; its output laser wavelength was 1728.45 nm. The linewidth of the 1.7 μm band signal was about 0.18 nm and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) was about 57 dB. Thirdly, ethanol gas and ethanol solution were stand-offs detected using the established 1.7 μm/1.5 μm near-infrared spectroscopy system. The concentration of ethanol solution was measured by 1.7 μm band laser, and the R-Square of the linear fit was 0.98. However, the concentration of ethanol gas in a turbulence state cannot be easily measured due to scintillation. Therefore, we detected the ethanol gas a turbulence state using a 1.7 μm/1.5 μm dual-band system, R-Square of the linear fit was 0.83 when the power jitter variance was 2.35. the experimental results offer a technical reference for stand-off detection of ethanol gas.

Extracting myricetin and dihydromyricetin simultaneously from Hovenia acerba seed by Ultrasound-Assisted extraction on a lab and small Pilot-Scale

The flavonoids myricetin and dihydromyricetin are significant components of Hovenia acerba seed. In this work, myricetin and dihydromyricetin were extracted from Hovenia acerba seed using an ultrasound-assisted technique, and the extraction parameters were adjusted using the response surface design approach. HPLC was used to assess the yield of myricetin and dihydromyricetin. According to the data, myricetin and dihydromyricetin yields were 0.53mg/g and 4.06mg/g at a 60% ethanol solution concentration, 180W of ultrasonic irradiation power, a 20mL/g ratio of liquid to solid, and a 40°C optimal extraction temperature. The aforementioned findings are virtually in agreement with the experimental findings suggested by the model. The study mentioned above thus offers a means of separating and developing useful components of natural goods.

The physicochemical properties of a starch–sodium stearoyl lactylate complex formed via annealing treatment in ethanol solutions

This work examined the physicochemical properties of potato starch–sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) complexes formed by annealing potato starch with 0.6% SSL in different ethanol solutions (65–100%). The complexes exhibited a higher iodine binding capacity compared to annealed potato starch without SSL. The iodine binding capacity values of the complexes increased from 46.65% to 96.87% as the ethanol solution concentration decreased from 100% to 65%. Rapid viscosity analysis showed peak viscosities of the complexes ranging from 11 cP to 2012 cP and breakdown values of zero, indicating that the complex pastes showed both thermal and shear stability. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed an increase in the gelatinization temperature of starch treated in SSL–ethanol solutions (65–85%) and a decrease in enthalpy. The formation of complexes markedly decreased the swelling power and solubility of the starch granules. Overall, the starch–SSL complexes formed by annealing in ethanol solution had the performance characteristics of chemically crosslinked starch and have potential applications in high-temperature processed foods. • Annealing starch in ethanol solution with sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) was studied. • The disordered structure of amylose induced by SSL and ethanol was formed. • The formation of disordered structure complexes was affected by ethanol concentration. • The thermal stability of starch was enhanced by ethanol annealing treatment with SSL.

Effect of Ethanol Solution Concentration in the Extraction Process of Centella asiatica L. Bioactive Components Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method

The Pegagan plant has a scientific name in the form of Centella asiatica L. which is included in the Centella genus, Apiaceae family, and kingdom Plantae. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) has distinctive bioactive components, namely triterpene ester glycoside compounds in the form of asiaticoside and madecassoside, and triterpene group compounds in the form of Asiatic acid and madecassic acid. In this study, the extraction of bioactive components from pegagan was carried out using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method and will study the effect of ethanol solvent concentration in the extraction of bioactive compounds. Analysis of the extracted bioactive content was carried out by analyzing the total phenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and ANOVA analysis. The results obtained from the study were in the form of total phenol content as an indication of the presence of bioactive compounds, namely at operating conditions of 450 watts of power, 50% ethanol concentration with a radiation time of 15 minutes which resulted in a total phenol content of 21.9244 mg AGE/g sample. In the ANOVA analysis with ethanol solvent, variables that gave a significant response to the total phenol content were microwave power, radiation time, and ethanol concentration with an R-square value of 95.31%. The effect of ethanol concentration on the total phenol content produced, namely the concentration of pure ethanol solvent will produce extracts with the smallest total phenol content, the effect of extraction time on total phenol content, namely the longer extraction time will increase the total phenol content. Maximum total phenol content using ethanol solvent that is, at operating conditions of 450 watts of power, 10% ethanol concentration with a radiation time of 15 minutes which resulted in a total phenol content of 520 mg AGE/g sample.

Plasma‐activated ethanol solution and it's decontamination effect

AbstractEthanol solution as a disinfectant has been widely used in various fields. However, it has a significant bactericidal capability only when the volume fraction of ethanol is around 70%–75%. For such high concentration of ethanol solution, it has an irritating smell. When it is used for applications such as wound disinfection, it causes a stinging sensation. Low concentrations of ethanol solution are less irritating, but it is also less effective at killing bacteria. In this study, an idea for producing a green, efficient and less irritating disinfectant is proposed. It is based on a plasma‐activated low‐concentration ethanol solution (PAES). It is found that the plasma‐activated 10% volume fraction of ethanol solution can kill more than seven orders of magnitude of Escherichia coli, while the untreated 10% volume fraction of ethanol solution has no bactericidal effect. Besides, the PAES's activity remains unchanged after being stored at for three days. Further investigation shows that new compositions including peracetic acid, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid are detected in the PAES, which together are playing the main role of the excellent and prolonged bactericidal effect.

Keto-enol tautomerism of curcumin in the preparation of nanobiocomposites with fumed silica

The tautomerism of curcumin (Cur) in water–ethanol solutions in the presence of fumed silica was studied by UV–visible spectroscopy. The results showed that the enol tautomer exists at an ethanol concentration in solution >50%, and with an increase in the water content, the tautomeric equilibrium shifts towards the formation of the keto tautomer. Quantum-chemical calculations (solvation model SM 5.42/6-31G (d), GAMESSPLUS) of various curcumin isomers confirmed that the existence of curcumin keto tautomer in aqueous solution is more thermodynamically favorable. The ratio of keto and enol forms also depends on the dielectric constant of water–ethanol solutions: at ε < 45, only the enol form of curcumin exists, while at ε > 45, the relative amount of the keto tautomer increases in proportion to the dielectric constant. Curcumin tautomers adsorb on fumed silica in different ways. At a low curcumin concentration in the initial solutions (<1.5 × 10−4 M), only the enol tautomer forms a monolayer on the sorbent surface, apparently due to its planar structure. The keto tautomer, characterized by a bent structure, begins to adsorb only at a concentration of Cur > 1.5 × 10−4 M, being a component of molecular aggregates with coplanar geometry.

Hybridization of supercritical water oxidation and gasification processes at pilot plant scale

The combination of SCWO with SCWG forms a unique system that has been tested in the present study at pilot plant scale using a single reactor with a flowrate of up to 150 kg/h. SCWO of a highly concentrated ethanol solution takes place in the first section of the tubular reactor, rising temperature. Then, an isopropanol solution is gasified into the second section to prevent any further increments of the temperature and producing hydrogen. The effect of different flowrates, the addition of different oxidant amounts and the preheating temperature of the gasification feed have been evaluated obtaining a gas effluent containing 10.7% H2 and 17.2% CH4 in the best conditions that have could tested, although better results would be obtained if processes could be carried out at more extreme conditions based on literature evidences.

Chemometric Optimization of Biologically Active Compounds Extraction from Grape Marc: Composition and Antimicrobial Activity.

The article focuses on the optimization of the extraction process of biologically active compounds (BAC) from grape marc—a by-product of the wine industry. The influence of temperature, specifically 30 °C, 45 °C and 65 °C, and ethanol concentration in solutions, specifically 0–96% (v/v) on the extraction yield of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins, were investigated. The composition of individual polyphenols, anthocyanins and organic acids, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) and CIELab chromatic characteristics of the grape marc extracts (GME), were characterized. The microbiostatic and microbicidal effects in direct contact of GME with pathogenic microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, were determined in vitro. The influence of extraction parameters on the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), tannin content (TC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and their interdependencies were studied using information analysis. A mathematical model was developed on cubic spline functions. The analysis of individual compounds showed the presence of a wide range of flavonoids (procyanidin B2, procyanidin B1, hyperoside and quercetin), flavones (catechin), hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic acids, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid), hydroxycinic acid derivatives and ferulic acid methyl ester. The malvidol-3-glucoside was the main anthocyanin identified in the extract. A high amount of tartaric acid was also found. GME showed significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and lower activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

Investigation of optical images in inverse opal photonic crystal films for sensing applications; a non-destructive method

Silica inverse opal (IO) structures were fabricated by the self-assembly of silica precursors and mono-dispersed colloidal crystal template method. The morphological investigation of prepared IO films was done by SEM analyses and optical image was used for checking of all periodic microporous structure of IOs surface. For first time, in this study we introduced optical density of IO films for sensing different concentration of ethanol solutions and their optical images have been used for comparison of sensing properties. The intensity of the absorbance spectrum was decreased by increasing the ethanol concentration using silica IO structures as the sensing chip. There is a good linear relationship and very good correlation (R2 = 0.98) between the optical intensity of absorbance peak and the 2–100% ethanol concentration (v/v0) in the silica IO sensors. The results show that by the area scan of optical density in IO materials, we are able to detect of ethanol concentration. According to which, the proposed optic based imaging method can find numerous applications in non-destructive of fluid detection in IO arrays.

Gaseous delivery of volatile anesthetics to a planar membrane

Volatile anesthetics are an important class of compounds that have become ubiquitous in healthcare. Current model systems used to explore the effects of these compounds in humans typically use tissue slices or cell culture. We are developing a simple protein-free assay to safely test the dose-dependent effects of volatile anesthetics on the fusion of liposomes to planar lipid bilayers. As an initial model, we use nitrogen gas bubbled through a concentrated ethanol solution to deliver ethanol vapor to an enclosed bilayer chamber, where the gaseous ethanol partitions into the chamber solution.

Controllable dimensions and regular geometric architectures from self-assembly of lithium-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane: Build for enhancing the fire safety of epoxy resin

Mitigating the fire hazards of epoxy resin (EP) and simultaneously improving mechanical properties have always been a goal pursued by polymeric scientists. Herein, we prepared a lithium-containing hepta-isobutyl-POSS (ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS). The chemical structure of ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS was well characterized. Just via tuning the ethanol solution concentration, we can obtain zero-dimensional (0D) spherical nanoparticles , two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin mono-layer nanoflakes, three-dimensional (3D) multiple-layered lamellae and hexagonal petal-shaped micron-size crystal based on ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS. Regular macroscopic octahedron single crystal of ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS was analisized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The prepared ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS was incorporated into EP to improve the mechanical properties and enhance the fire safety. When the ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS content was 1 wt%, the flexural strength of EP-1 was enhanced from 81.8 MPa of EP to 110 MPa. The incorporation of ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS can apparently decrease the dielectric constant and loss of EP nanocomposites. Moreover, when 5 wt% of ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS was incorporated into EP, the reduction of peak of heat release rate (p-HRR), peak of smoke production rate (p-SPR) and peak of CO production rate (p-COP) reached to 34.1%, 38.6% and 40.6%, respectively. Therefore, our findings provide a considerable promotion for the facile preparation of low-dimensional environment-friendly nano-/micron-flame retardants based on metal-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (M-POSS) compounds. • A novel metal-POSS (ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS) is firstly synthesized via one-pot method. • Controllable dimensional ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS nano-/micron-crystals are fabricated. • Thermal stability and mechanical properties of EP nanocomposites are improved by introducing ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS. • Ibu-T 7 -Li-POSS apparently reduces fire hazards of the formed EP nanocomposites. • The mechanism of catalytic charring of lithium for EP is illustrated in detail.

Gastroprotective Effects of Periplaneta americana L. Extract Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice by Suppressing Apoptosis-Related Pathways.

Although Periplaneta americana L. and its modern preparation, Kangfuxin liquid, have been extensively applied for ulcerative diseases in gastrointestinal tract (e.g., gastric ulcer (GU) and ulcerative colitis, the effective components and potential mechanisms) remain unclear. In accordance with the accumulating research evidences, the relieving/exacerbating of GU is noticeably correlated to focal tissue programmed cell death. Herein, gastro-protective effects of the effective Periplaneta americana L. extract (PAE) fraction were assessed in vitro and in vivo, involving in programmed cell death-related signaling channels. To screen the effective PAE fraction exerting gastroprotective effects, several PAE fractions were gained based on a wide range of ethanol solution concentration, and they were assessed on ethanol-induced ulcer mice. Based on HPLC investigation with the use of nucleosides, the chemical composition of screened effective PAE, extracted by 20% ethanol, was analyzed in terms of quality control. Based on CCK-8 assay, the protective effects on GES-1 cells, impaired by ethanol, of PAE were assessed. After 3 days pre-treatment with PAE (200, 400, 800 mg/kg), the gastric lesions were assessed by tissue morphology, and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining, as well as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) based histopathology-related investigation. The levels for inflammation cytokines (IL1-β, TNF-α, IL-18, PGE2, and IL-6), antioxidant indices (SOD and MDA) were examined via ELISA. In the meantime, based on Western Blotting assay, the expression levels of some programmed cell death-related protein targets (NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB p65, MyD88, and TLR4) were analyzed. As revealed from the results, PAE is capable of alleviating gastric mucosa impairment, suppressing the inflammatory cytokines, and down-regulating the MyD88/NF-κB channels. Accordingly, 20% ethanol extract of Periplaneta americana L. would contribute its gastroprotective effects, thereby providing the evidence that its anti-GU mechanisms correlated with inhibiting programmed cell death channel.

Comparative study on the structural characterization and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharide fractions extracted from Sargassum fusiforme at different pH conditions

Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPs), including SFP-3-40, SFP-3-60, SFP-3-80, SFP-7-40, SFP-7-60, SFP-7-80, SFP-10-40, SFP-10-60, and SFP-10-80, were extracted at different pH (3, 7, and 10), and then precipitated with graded precipitation of 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol solution, respectively. Their physicochemical properties and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were determined. Results showed that SFPs significantly differed in the contents of total sugar, protein, uronic acid, sulfate, the zeta potential, and molecular weight distribution. SFPs, including SFP-10-40, SFP-10-60, and SFP-10-80, had bigger absolute zeta potential value and higher respective average molecular weight in the same ethanol concentration precipitate. All samples were mainly composed of fucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose with different molar ratios. The extraction pH and precipitation ethanol solution concentration caused little changes in functional groups, but significantly altered surface morphology of SFPs. Congo red test revealed that all polysaccharides were not helical polysaccharides. Rheological measurements indicated that SFPs were pseudoplastic fluids and showed elastic behavior of the gel. Except SFP-3-40 and SFP-3-60, all other samples had a stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of acarbose. The inhibition type of SFPs against α-glucosidase varied owing to different extraction pH and precipitation ethyl concentration. This study shows that extraction pH can significantly affect the structure and hypoglycemic activity of SFPs and provide a data support for the scientific use of Sargassum fusiforme in industrial production.